{"id":443,"date":"2009-01-19T13:49:37","date_gmt":"2009-01-19T12:49:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.galsys.co.uk\/news\/?p=443"},"modified":"2018-05-08T13:58:09","modified_gmt":"2018-05-08T13:58:09","slug":"the-ntp-server-understanding-timescales","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.galsys.co.uk\/news\/the-ntp-server-understanding-timescales\/","title":{"rendered":"The NTP Server and Understanding Timescales"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>There are several timescale used throughout the world. Most <a href=\"https:\/\/www.galsys.co.uk\/categories\/ntp-server.html\">NTP servers<\/a> and other <a href=\"https:\/\/www.galsys.co.uk\/categories\/ntp-server.html\">network time servers<\/a> use UTC as a base source however, there are others:<\/p>\n<p>When we are asked the time it is very unlikely we would respond with \u2018for which timescale\u2019 yet there are several timescales used all over the globe and each is based on different methods of keeping track of the time.<br \/>\n<strong>GMT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Greenwich Mean Time (<a href=\"https:\/\/greenwichmeantime.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GMT<\/a>) is the local time on the Greenwich meridian based on the hypothetical mean sun. As the Earth&#8217;s orbit is elliptical and its axis is tilted, the actual position of the sun against the background of stars appears a little ahead or behind the expected position. The accumulated timing error varies through the year in a smoothly periodic manner by up to 14 minutes slow in February to 16 minutes fast in November. The use of a hypothetical mean sun removes this effect. Before 1925 astronomers and navigators measured GMT from noon to noon, starting the day 12 hours later than in civil usage which was also commonly referred to as GMT. To avoid confusion astronomers agreed in 1925 to change the reference point from noon to midnight, and a few years later adopted the term Universal Time (UT) for the &#8220;new&#8221; GMT. GMT remains the legal basis of the civil time for the UK.<\/p>\n<p><strong>UT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Universal_Time\">Universal Time<\/a> (UT) is mean solar time on the Greenwich meridian with 0 h UT at mean midnight, and since 1925 has replaced GMT for scientific purposes. By the mid-1950s astronomers had much evidence of fluctuations in the Earth&#8217;s rotation and decided to divide UT into three versions. Time derived directly from observations is called UT0, applying corrections for movements of the Earth&#8217;s axis, or polar motion, gives UT1, and removing periodic seasonal variations generates UT2. The differences between UT0 and UT1 are of the order of thousandths of a second. Today, only UT1 is still widely used as it provides a measure of the rotational orientation of the Earth in space..<\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\nThe world time standard<\/strong> (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coordinated_Universal_Time\">UTC<\/a>):<\/p>\n<p>Although TAI provides a continuous, uniform, and precise time scale for scientific reference purposes, it is not convenient for everyday use because it is not in step with the Earth&#8217;s rate of rotation. A time scale that corresponds to the alternation of day and night is much more useful, and since 1972, all broadcast time services distribute time scales based on Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). UTC is an atomic time scale that is kept in agreement with Universal Time. Leap seconds are occasionally<\/p>\n<p>Information courtesy of the <em>National Physical Laboratory <\/em>UK.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>There are several timescale used throughout the world. Most NTP servers and other network time servers use UTC as a base source however, there are others: When we are asked the time it is very unlikely we would respond with \u2018for which timescale\u2019 yet there are several timescales used all over the globe and each&hellip;<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-primary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.galsys.co.uk\/news\/the-ntp-server-understanding-timescales\/\">Continue reading <i class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,5,8,10,13,1],"tags":[19,20,207,22,23,25,26,27,28,204,29,30,34,35],"class_list":["post-443","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-atomic-clocks","category-chronology","category-ntp-configuration","category-quantum-physics","category-time-synchronisation","category-uncategorized","tag-gps-ntp-server","tag-gps-ntp-time-server","tag-gps-time-server","tag-linux-ntp","tag-linux-time-server","tag-network-time-server","tag-ntp-clock","tag-ntp-gps-server","tag-ntp-gps-time-server","tag-ntp-server-2","tag-ntp-servers","tag-ntp-time-server","tag-windows-ntp-server","tag-windows-server-2008"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The NTP Server and Understanding Timescales - Galleon Systems<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.galsys.co.uk\/news\/the-ntp-server-understanding-timescales\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The NTP Server and Understanding Timescales - Galleon Systems\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"There are several timescale used throughout the world. Most NTP servers and other network time servers use UTC as a base source however, there are others: When we are asked the time it is very unlikely we would respond with \u2018for which timescale\u2019 yet there are several timescales used all over the globe and each&hellip;Continue reading\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.galsys.co.uk\/news\/the-ntp-server-understanding-timescales\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Galleon Systems\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2009-01-19T12:49:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-05-08T13:58:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Richard N Williams\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@galleonsystems\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@GalleonSystems\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Richard N Williams\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.galsys.co.uk\\\/news\\\/the-ntp-server-understanding-timescales\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.galsys.co.uk\\\/news\\\/the-ntp-server-understanding-timescales\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Richard N Williams\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.galsys.co.uk\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/38013a1dcb0021026d59957e276aa3cd\"},\"headline\":\"The NTP Server and Understanding Timescales\",\"datePublished\":\"2009-01-19T12:49:37+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-05-08T13:58:09+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.galsys.co.uk\\\/news\\\/the-ntp-server-understanding-timescales\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":437,\"keywords\":[\"gps ntp server\",\"gps ntp time server\",\"gps time server\",\"linux ntp\",\"linux time server\",\"network time server\",\"ntp clock\",\"ntp gps server\",\"ntp gps time server\",\"ntp server\",\"ntp servers\",\"ntp time server\",\"windows ntp server\",\"windows server 2008\"],\"articleSection\":[\"atomic clocks\",\"chronology\",\"NTP configuration\",\"quantum physics\",\"Time Synchronisation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.galsys.co.uk\\\/news\\\/the-ntp-server-understanding-timescales\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.galsys.co.uk\\\/news\\\/the-ntp-server-understanding-timescales\\\/\",\"name\":\"The NTP Server and Understanding Timescales - 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